What You Should Know About How Septic Tanks Work

Septic tanks might seem complicated or even gross, but they’re just one way to manage waste for homes not connected to city sewers. If you’ve ever wondered how septic systems or tanks work, you’re in the right place!

This guide will explain the basics, simplify how they work, and share other important things to know, whether your home has a septic system or you just want to know more.

Parts of a Septic System

A septic system consists of a few pieces that work together to treat and dispose of wastewater. Before we get into the function of septic systems, here are the parts that make them work:

• Tanks are the primary chamber where wastewater from the house is collected.
• A Drain Field (Leach Field) is a network of pipes that distribute treated liquid into the soil.
• Baffles are barriers within the septic tank that help keep solids from leaving the tank.
• Inlet and outlet pipes direct wastewater into the tank and effluent out.
• The distribution box evenly distributes into various lines of the drain field.

How Traditional Septic Systems Work

Put simply, the process starts with the septic tank, a large underground container where waste from your home’s plumbing flows.

Inside the tank, the waste is separated into three layers – solids, fats and oils, and liquid. The solids settle at the bottom, forming what is known as sludge. Fats and oils float to the top, creating a scum layer, while the liquid, called effluent, stays in the middle.

Natural bacteria in the septic tank help break down the sludge, reducing its volume. The tank also has barriers called baffles that prevent the scum and solids from escaping into the next stage of the system, ensuring they stay in the tank where they belong.

Then, the liquid effluent leaves the tank and goes into a distribution box. This small box evenly distributes the effluent into a series of perforated pipes in the drain field, also known as the leach field. The drain field is an area of soil where the effluent is slowly released and filtered. As the effluent works through the soil, it is naturally filtered to remove harmful bacteria.

Septic System Misconceptions

Common myths about septic systems can lead to confusion, and the systems do come with a unique set of risks and potential issues. It’s important to be familiar, especially if your home uses a septic system.

Myth 1) Septic Tanks Need Frequent Pumping

Many people believe that septic tanks require frequent pumping, but the truth is that most tanks only need to be pumped every 3-5 years, depending on usage.

The actual risk comes from not pumping the tank as needed, which can cause it to overflow or clog. Neglecting this essential maintenance can cause overflows and clogs, potentially leading to system failure and expensive repairs.

Myth 2) Additives Can Replace Pumping

It’s a common belief that using additives can replace regular septic tank maintenance. However, additives can disrupt the natural bacterial balance in the tank and fail to break down solids effectively.

Here, the risk is relying on these products instead of scheduling regular inspections and pumping, which are crucial for the system’s health and efficiency.

Myth 3) No Odors Mean No Problems

While it’s true that a well-maintained system shouldn’t produce strong smells, the lack of odor doesn’t necessarily mean there are no issues.

Some problems, like leaks or blockages, may not cause immediate odors but can still disrupt the system’s function and potentially lead to more serious issues down the line. Relying solely on the absence of smell, you risk overlooking early warning signs, leading to bigger, more expensive problems and potential health risks.

Common Issues for Septic Systems

Even with regular maintenance work, homeowners with septic tanks may still occasionally notice issues, like:

• Slow Draining: If sinks, bathtubs, or showers are draining slowly, it could indicate a full septic tank or a blockage in the system.
• Unpleasant Smells: Foul smells around your home or near the drain field can signal that the septic system isn’t working properly. This could be due to an overfilled tank or issues with the drain field.
• Pooling Water: Water pooling in your yard, especially near the drain field, suggests that the system is overloaded or failing. This serious issue needs immediate attention.
• Gurgling Sounds: Gurgling noises from your plumbing can indicate a blockage or a full septic tank.

Simple System Maintenance

• Regular inspections and pumping to prevent sludge and scum buildup that can clog the system.
• Be careful what you flush! Items like wipes and grease can cause clogs or damage.
• Conserve water by fixing leaks, using water-saving fixtures, and avoiding running multiple water-heavy appliances at once.

When to Call a Professional

Lots of maintenance for septic systems can be done independently! However, if you experience any warning signs, like slow drains, odors, or pooling water, don’t wait to get an expert involved.

Also, if it has been more than 3-5 years since your last septic tank pumping. Similarly, those planning major landscaping, construction, or home additions that could affect the septic system should call in a professional.

In any of these cases, a trained pro can accurately diagnose issues and provide necessary repairs.

Conclusion

The work to maintain septic tanks can be simple – when it’s done routinely! Mindful practices, like watching what goes down the drain, can prevent major issues. Regular pumping and careful water use are essential to keeping your system in good shape.

If you spot warning signs like slow drains or unpleasant odors, or if it’s been a while since your last inspection, act now to avoid bigger problems later. In NE Texas, SW Arkansas, SE Oklahoma, and surrounding areas, call or schedule online with Inspection Gator Home and Commercial Services.