All houses start with a solid structure, but have you ever stopped to think about what kind of wood they’re framed with? It’s not just a matter of grabbing the nearest pile of lumber. There’s careful consideration behind which kind of wood is chosen to support houses, walls, roofs, and foundations. Why does it matter? The right wood can influence everything from durability to energy efficiency.

In these sections, we’ll look at the different woods commonly used for framing, factors that influence these choices, and what homeowners should know about maintaining their wood-framed homes.

Why Wood is Commonly Used for Framing

Wood is one of the most popular materials for framing homes, but it’s not the only option. Builders often choose wood because it strikes the perfect balance between strength, workability, and cost.

It’s flexible enough to adjust during construction and strong enough to support heavy loads like walls and roofs. Its natural strength-to-weight ratio makes it a good option for homes because it offers the necessary structural support without adding unnecessary weight.

While materials like steel and concrete are sometimes used in construction, wood remains a go-to material for single-family homes, particularly in regions where it’s readily available. In 2023, there were 930,000 wood-framed homes completed, making up 93% of those built last year.

Builders appreciate wood’s versatility and, when treated properly, its longevity.

The Most Common Types of Wood Used

Not all wood is created equal, and the type of wood chosen for houses to be framed with can have a significant impact on the stability and longevity of the structure. Builders typically use different types of wood based on factors like strength, cost, and availability. Here are the most common ones:

1) Softwoods

• Pine
• Spruce
• Fir

Softwoods like pine, spruce, and fir are the most widely used woods in house framing, and for good reason. These woods are light, relatively inexpensive, and easy to work with. Pine is a favorite because of its light weight and affordability, making it suitable for framing everything from walls to roofs.

Spruce and fir are often chosen for their strength, offering builders solid support without the need for heavy-duty tools.

2) Engineered Woods

• LVL
• Plywood
• OSB

Engineered wood products like laminated veneer lumber (LVL), plywood, and oriented strand board (OSB) are commonly used.

LVL is highly uniform, offering predictable strength for beams and joists. Plywood and OSB provide additional stability for sheathing and flooring, preventing shifting or warping over time.

3) Hardwoods (Less Common in Framing)

Though hardwoods like oak or maple are not typically used in house framing, they are sometimes found in high-end custom homes.

These woods are incredibly strong but tend to be heavier and more expensive, making them less practical for general framing use. However, they are valued in specialty projects where strength and aesthetics are both critical.

Key Framing Factors at Play

The right wood for framing is more than just on sale. Builders carefully consider several key factors to ensure the wood they choose is ideal for the project.

Strength and Durability

Wood needs to provide enough strength to hold up against the weight of the home as well as external forces like wind, snow, or even seismic activity in certain areas.

Softwoods like pine are typically strong enough for most homes, while engineered wood provides added durability for beams and joists that need extra support.

Regional Availability

The availability of certain types of wood can vary by region. For instance, pine is more common in certain parts of the country, which can make it a more affordable option for framing. Sustainability is also becoming a bigger concern for builders and homeowners.

Sourcing wood from responsible, sustainably managed forests (such as those certified by the Forest Stewardship Council) helps ensure that environmental impact is minimized.

Cost Efficiency

Cost is always an important factor. Softwoods like pine, spruce, and fir are often used because they’re cost-effective and still provide the necessary support for most homes. Engineered woods, while slightly more expensive, offer uniformity and strength that can reduce long-term repair costs.

Weather and Pest Resistance

Certain woods hold up better in specific climates. For example, wood treated for moisture resistance is crucial in areas with high humidity or heavy rainfall.

In regions where termites are common, builders may opt for wood that has been specially treated to resist insect damage, ensuring the structural integrity of the home remains intact.

How Material Impacts the Framing Process

The type of wood used doesn’t just affect the home’s strength. It also plays a role in how easy or difficult the framing process will be. Builders need to consider the practicalities of working with different types of wood.

Softwoods are generally preferred because they’re easier to cut and shape, which speeds up the construction process. Their light weight also makes them easier to transport and handle on-site. Hardwoods, on the other hand, can be more challenging to work with. They’re heavier and require stronger tools, increasing labor time and costs.

Engineered woods are often used because they’re manufactured to be consistent and free from knots or other imperfections. This predictability reduces the need for adjustments during construction and makes framing more efficient.

Common Issues in Wood-Framed Homes

While wood is a reliable framing material, it’s not without its issues. Homeowners should be aware of common problems that can affect wood-framed houses over time, including pests and moisture.

• Termites and other pests
• Moisture
• Rot

One of the biggest threats to wood-framed homes is termites. They can cause significant damage if left unchecked, weakening the structure of the home. In regions where termites are common, regular inspections are a must to catch infestations early and prevent major damage.

Moisture is another concern for wood-framed homes. Over time, water can lead to wood rot, which compromises the structural integrity of the home.

It’s important to make sure that the home is properly sealed and that water is directed away from the foundation to avoid these issues!

Recommended Maintenance for Wood-Frame Homes

To keep a wood-framed home in good condition, homeowners should take several steps to maintain the structure.

• Inspect and Seal Exposed Wood: Areas where wood is exposed, such as around windows and doors, should be inspected regularly and resealed to prevent water damage.
• Check for Signs of Termites or Pests: Homeowners in termite-prone areas should schedule annual inspections and look for signs of pests around the home’s foundation and exterior.
• Ensure Proper Drainage: Gutters and downspouts should be well-maintained to direct water away from the home’s foundation, reducing the risk of water damage to the framing.

When to Call a Professional

If you notice signs of structural damage, like sagging walls, cracks in the foundation, or visible wood rot, it’s important to have a licensed home inspector take a closer look. A professional can identify underlying issues and recommend appropriate repairs or treatments to preserve the home’s structural integrity.

For homeowners planning new construction or a major renovation, it’s always a good idea to consult with a home inspector or contractor to ensure that the wood used in framing is appropriate for the local climate and project needs.

Conclusion

The type of wood houses are framed with plays a major role in the strength, durability, and longevity of the home. Softwoods like pine and fir are commonly chosen for their affordability and ease of use. However, engineered woods offer greater strength and consistency for certain parts of the frame. Maintaining a wood-framed home requires regular inspections and proper upkeep, but with the right care, these structures can last for decades.

If you’re unsure about the condition of your home’s framing or are considering a new construction project, it’s always worth reaching out to a professional – in NE Texas, SW Arkansas, & SE Oklahoma, call Inspection Gator today.